Cheating at some leading universities has more than doubled in the past five years, new figures show as Russell Group institutions admit they are struggling to police so-called “essay mills”.
最新多个方面数据显现，曩昔5年来，英国一些顶尖大学的做弊现象翻倍。罗素大学集团供认，他们正在尽力监管所谓的“论文作坊”。
The number of students formally investigated for academic malpractice has quadrupled at Leeds University, from 127 in 2014/15 to 516 last year, according to figures obtained byThe Telegraphunder freedom of information requests.
英国《每日电讯报》依据自在信息法案得到的多个方面数据显现，利兹大学正式查询的触及学术不端行为的学生人数翻了两番，从2014-2015年度的127人增至上一年的516人。
Meanwhile, the number at Nottingham University almost trebled from 195 to 514 over the same period, and more than doubled at Queen Mary University London from 104 to 248.
在同一时期，诺丁汉大学因学术不端受查询的学生人数也简直增长到本来的3倍，从195人增至514人。伦敦玛丽女王大学也翻了一倍多，从104人增加到248人。
It comes amid a rise in the use of “essay mills”, where companies offer essay-writing services for a fee. Also known as “contract cheating”, it is particularly difficult to spot since the essays are written by humans rather than machines and often tailored for individual subjects.
其间，使用“论文作坊”的学生渐渐的变多。“论文作坊”是指收费代写论文的公司，这一行为也被称为“合同做弊”。 由于论文是由人而非机器代写，且通常会依照要求“量身定做”，这种做弊状况常常很难被发现。
Some universities have seen decline in traditional plagiarism but this now being replaced by contract cheating, figures show.
多个方面数据显现，尽管一些大学的传统抄袭现象有所削减，但其实是被这种“合同做弊”所替代。
Despite overall academic misconduct decreasing by 27 percent over five years at Cardiff University, there has been a 73 percent rise in “collusion” offences, where students pay their peers to do their work for them or hire professional services.
在英国卡迪夫大学，5年来全体学术不端行为下降27%，但比如付费给同学或雇佣专业服务代写作业这种“勾结作案”却增加了73%。
Essay mills are illegal in some countries and vice-Chancellors have called for essay mills to be outlawed in the UK, amid fears they are undermining the integrity of degree courses.
“论文作坊”在一些国家是不合法的，英国大校园长们呼吁撤销“论文作坊”，由于他们忧虑这会损坏学位课程的诚信。
As many as one in seven recent graduates may have cheated by using essay mills during the last four years, according to a recent study.
依据一项最新研讨，在曩昔四年中，多达七分之一的应届毕业生或许经过“论文作坊”做弊。
Universities concede that it is hard to spot culprits, with a Manchester University spokesman saying: “Contract cheating is a difficult area to police and there are a number of external services marketing themselves to students around this area.”
多所大学供认很难找出做弊者。曼彻斯特大学的一位发言人说：“合同做弊是一个很难监管的范畴，有许多外部组织向学生推销自己的服务。”
Experts have warned that essay mills have become more common in recent years, with labour being outsourced to unemployed university graduates in countries like Kenya, India and Pakistan.
专家正告说，“论文作坊”近年来渐渐的变遍及，这些作业被“外包”给肯尼亚、印度和巴基斯坦等国的赋闲大学毕业生。
Dr Irene Glendinning, an academic manager at Coventry University and vice president European Network for Academic Integrity said these figures are just the tip of the iceberg since so many instances go unnoticed.
考文垂大学学术主管、欧洲学术诚信网络副总裁艾琳?格兰丁尼博士表明，这些数据仅仅冰山一角，由于许多案例都没有引起人们的留意。
She added that students are being “bombarded” with advertisements for essay mills on social media as well as on campus.
她弥补说，学生们在社会化媒体和校园里被“论文作坊”的广告“轰炸”。
All Russell Group universities said they take academic misconduct cases extremely seriously, and that the number of students investigated remains low.
罗素大学集团的一切大学都表明，他们非常重视学术不端事情，被查询的学生人数依然很少。
A number are implementing new strategies in an attempt to crack down on essay mills. Manchester University said it has recently added new clauses to its plagiarism procedures to specifically cover essay mills, while University College London said that from the start of this academic year, they can now viva students suspected on contract cheating.
现在，一些英国大学正在施行新策略来冲击“论文作坊”。 曼彻斯特大学表明，该校最近在做弊法令中增加了新条款，专门应对论文代写的状况。伦敦大学学院也表明，从本学年开端，校园将对疑似“合同做弊”的学生进行面试。
A Nottingham University spokesman said: “the best way to tackle essay mills is for the government to legislate against them and block their webpages at a national level”.
诺丁汉大学的一名发言人说：“抵挡论文作坊的最好方法是政府立法制止他们，并在全国范围内屏蔽他们的网页。”
（中文内容整合自每日电讯报、环球时报）
